Learning stand by GkG

 What is locomotive;- A locomotive is a machine which transfers the chemical energy of a fuel into the mechanical energy of motion. Classification of locomotives:- Following are the types of locomotives used in Indian Railway. Steam locomotives. Boiler. Steam engine. Wheel and frame. Tender. 2. Diesel locomotives. 3. Electric locomotives. 1. What is Steam locomotives:- A typical steam locomotive and the various parts of a steam locomotive are described as follows. I.  Boiler:- A boiler consists of a firebox, a barrel, and a smoke box. Coal is fired in the firebox, where water is converted into steam. The smoke and gases from the fire box passes through the smoke pipe and finally get discharge through the chimney. II.  Steam engine:- The steam engine consists of a cylinder, a piston, and other moving parts. It converts the heat energy of the steam into rotary energy. III.  Wheel and frame:- The locomotive has idle as well as loaded wheels. The frame is supported on the wheel it carri

  Permanent ways/railways track:- The combination of rails fitted on slippers and resting on the ballast and subgrade is called the railway track or permanent way. In a permanent way the rails are joined in series by fish plates and bolts and then they are fixed to sleepers by different types of fastenings. The sleepers properly spaced resting on ballast are suitably packed and boxed with ballast The layer of the ballast rests on the prepared subgrade called the formation. The rails act as girders to transmit the wheel load to the sleepers. The sleepers hold the rails in proper position with respect to the proper tilt gauge and level, and transmit the load from rails to the ballast. The ballast distribute the load over the formation and holds the sleepers in position. Requirements of an ideal permanent ways:- The gauge should be correct and uniform. The rails should be in proper level. The alignment should be correct,   i.e.,   it should be free from kinks or irregularities. The gradie

 Types of rail failure:- Following are the types of rail failure 1.  Crushed heads rail failure:- Crushed heads rail failure are those which have either sagged or flattened. Besides the defect of manufacture, crushed heads are due to, Sleeping of wheels. Flat spots on wheels which are developed due to skidding of wheels. Weak supports at the rail end. 2. Square or angular break in rail:- The rail mein completely broken either in a vertical plane or in an inclined plane. 3. Split heads rail failure:- In this, cracks occur in the middle of the head or pieces are split from the side to the end of the head. If the surfaces of the crack, when opened, a smooth and dark, the defective rail is known as piped rail. This happened either due to cavity formed during manufacture shrinkage of metal when the metal not having been closely welded together. 4.  Split web:- This is the through crack in the web, through note necessarily runs through the Bolt holes. 5.  Horizontal fissures rail failure:-

  What is rails? :- A rail is a steel bar extending horizontally between supports which is used as a track for rail road. Types of rails:- Following are the types of rails: Double headed rail ( DH Rail ) Bull headed rail ( BH rail ) Flat footed rail ( FF rail ) 1. Double headed rail:- It consists of three parts (a). Upper table    (b). Web    (c). Lower table Both the upper and lower tables were identical and they were introduced with the hope of the life of rails . When the upper table is worn out then the rails can be placed upside down reversed on the chair and so the lower table can be brought into use. But experience showed that such indentations were formed in the lower table due to which smooth running over the surface at the top was impossible. Wrought iron was used to manufacture these rails . 2. Bull headed rail:-  It consists of three parts a. Head.        b. Web.       c. Foot.  These rails were made of steel. The head is of larger size then foot and the foot is designed